Supply chains really determine how companies stack up against each other in this global setup we have now. This article takes a closer look at the four main supply chain models. Continuous-flow, fast, efficient, and custom-configured are the ones it covers. Each model helps bring a mix of stability, speed, and flexibility to the way industries operate today.

In 2025, operations research and optimization are evolving with AI and reinforcement learning — creating adaptive, explainable decision systems that redefine industrial strategy.